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1 Величина угловой скорости
The value of angular velocity depends on the direction of the axis of rotation and the rate of rotationРусско-английский словарь по прикладной математике и механике > Величина угловой скорости
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2 реле (p) (к)
relay (к)
электромеханическое устройство, контакты которого размыкают и /или замыкают управляемую цепь в зависимости от наличия или величины эл. сигналов в управляющей цепи, — an electromechanical device in which contacts are opened and/or closed by variations in the conditions of one electric circuit and thereby affect the operation of other devices in the same or other electric circuits.
-, арретирующее — latching relay
-, барометрическое (барореле для раскрытия парашюта) — barometric release (mechanism)
-, бесконтактное — contactless relay
- блокировки — blocking relay
-, биметаллическое — bimetallic relay
- блокировки (выключения) — lockout relay
- блокировки (выключения) автомата торможения — anti-skid lockout relay
- блокировки включения систем самолета, двигателя при обжатой передней амортстойке шасси — ground shift relay (actuated with nose oleo compressed)
-, блокировочное — blocking relay
реле, связанное с другими устройствами и, служащее для предотвращения срабатывания ипи повторного включения цепи при нарушении нормальной работы. — a relay wtlich со-operates with other devices to block tripping or to block reclosing on an out-of-step condition. or on power swings.
-, блокировочное — locking-out /lockout/ relay
реле, служащее для выключения оборудования и удержания его в выключенном состоянии при нарушении нормальной работы.данного оборудования, — an electrically operated hand or electrically reset device which functions to shut down and hold an equipment out of service on occurrence of abnormal conditions.
- включения (и выключения) — switching relay
реле, включающее или выключающее к-л. устройство или цепь, — the relay which can place another device or circuit in an operating or nonoperating state.
- включения (одного устройства к другому, напр., преобразователя к шине) — (inverter-to-bus) switching /connection, tie/ relay
- включения муфты стартера — starter meshing relay
- включения наземного питания — external power relay
- включения стартерного pежима (стартера-генератора) — motorizing relay
- времени — time relay
- времени, электромашинное — rotary time-delay relay
-, вызывающее срабатывание системы (цепи) — system /circuit/ actuating relay
-, выключающее — cutout /cut-out/ relay
- выключения (защитного устройства, контактора, оборудования) — tripping relay. used to trip а circuit breaker, contactor, equipment.
- выключения (блокировки оборудования при нарушении нормальных условий работы) — lock-out relay
- выключения зажигания (двиг.) — ignition cut-out relay
-, герметическое — pressure sealed relay
-, гидравлическое (сигнализатор) — hydraulic pressure switch
- давления (сигнализатор давления) — pressure switch
реле, срабатывающее при изменении давления подводимого газа или жидкости — a switch actuated by а change in the pressure of a gas or liquid.
- двухпозиционное (е замыканием контактов в двух крайних положениях) — double-throw relay. а relay which alternately completes а circuit at either of its two extreme positions.
-, двухполюсное — double pole relay
динамического торможения (фотокамеры) — (camera) dynamic braking relay
- дифференциальное — differential relay
реле с несколькими обмотками, которое срабатывает, когда разность величин подводимого напряжения или протекающего тока в обмотках достигает определенного уровня. — a relay with multiple windings that functions when the voltage, current, or power difference between the windings reaches а predetermined value.
-, дифференциально-минимальное (дмр) — differential reverse current cutout relay
- задержки времени — time delay relay
реле, обеспечивающее временной интервал между включением и выключением обмотки и перемещением якоря, — a relay in which there is an appreciable interval of time between the energizing or deenergizing of the coil and the movement of the armature.
-, защитное — protective relay
реле, служащее для защиты цепей в случае нарушения нормального режима работы, — a relay, the principal function оf which is to protect services from interruption or to prevent or limit damage to apparatus.
-, защитное дифференциальнoe — differential protective relay
- защиты от перенапряжения — overvoltage relay
-, командное — control relay
- контроля нагрузки — load monitor relay (lmr)
-, максимальное — overload relay
реле, срабатывающее, если сила тока, протекающего в его обмотке, превышает установленную величину, — a relay designed to operate when its coil current rises above а predetermined value.
- мгновенного действия — instantaneous relay
-, минимальное — reverse current (cut-out) relay
устанавливается в цепи между генератором пост. тока (или выпрямительным устройством) и шиной пост. тока для предотвращения обратного тока в случае, если напряжение на шине превышает выходное напряжение генератора. — reverse current cut-out relays are placed between the dc generator, transformerrectifier, and the dc bus to prevent reverse current flow, if the dc bus potential becomes greater than dc generator or transformerrectifier output.
- на два направления (двухпозиционное) — double-throw relay
- напряжения — voltage relay
реле, срабатывающее при заданной величине подаваемого напряжения, — a relay that functions at а predetermined value of voltage.
- обжатого положения шасси (для включения систем ла) — ground shift mechanism relay
- обратного тока — reverse-current relay
реле, срабатывающее при протекании тока в обратном направлении, — a relay that operates whenever current flows in the reverse direction.
- объединения шин (подсистем лев. и прав. борта) — bus tie relay (btr)
- отключения объединения шин — tie bus isolation relay
- перегрузки (максимальное) — overload relay
- переключения потребителей (pпп) — load monitor relay (lmr)
- переключения стартера-генератора на стартерный режим — motorizing relay
- переключения шин (эл.) — bus tie relay (btr)
- переменного тока — ас operated relay
-, пневматическое (сигнализатор давления) — pneumatic pressure switch
- подает напряжение на... — relay applies voltage to..., relay energizes...
- подает (+27 в) на... — relay applies (+27 v) to..., relay makes /closes/ circuit to supply /apply, feed/ +27 v to...
-, поляризованное — polarized relay
реле, направление перемещения якоря которого зависит от направления тока в его обмотке. — а relay in which the arma'ture movement depends on the direction of the current. its coil symbol is sometimes marked +.
- предельного значения скорости — maximum operating limit speed relay
- предельного значения числa m. — maximum operating limit mach-number relay
-, промежуточное (вспомогательное) — auxiliary relay
- пускового зажигания (двиг.) — starting ignition.relay
-, развязывающее — decoupling relay
-, разделительное — isolation relay
- сигнализатора обледенения — ice detector pressure switch
- сигнализации достижения предельной скорости — maximum operating limit speed (warning) relay
- сигнализации нарушения (параметров) питания — power relay. it may be an overpower or underpower relay.
- сигнализации отказа питания — power fail relay
- с механической блокировкой — latching relay
- соединения шин — bus tie relay (btr)
- с самоблокировкой — interlock relay
реле, в котором один якорь не может изменить свое положение или его обмотка не может оказаться под током, если другой якорь не занимает определенное положение. — a relay in which one armature cannot move or its coil be energized unless the other armature is in a certain position.
-, стопорное (запорное) — latch-in /latching, locking/ relay
реле, контакты которого стопорятся (фиксируются) либо в замкнутом или разомкнутом положении до момента расстопорения вручную или электрически. — а relay with contacts that lock in oither the energized or de-energized position until reset either manually or electrlcally.
- стрельбы — firing control relay, fire relay
- снимает напряжение с... (обесточивает цепь) — relay de-energizes..., relay removes voltage from...
- снимает +27 в с... — rela@ removes +27 v from..., relay breakes /opens/ circuit to remove +27 v from...
- срабатывает (и замыкает цепь) — relay operates (and closes circuit)
- срабатывает и (своими контактами) подает +27 в на клемму 1 — relay operates and applies +27 v to terminal 1
- срабатывает и приводит в действие эл. мотор — relay actuates electric motor
-, струйное
электромагнитное устройство, распределяющее входное давление (воздуха, рабочей жидкости) в двух выходных каналах. — jet relay
-, тепловое — thermal relay
реле, срабатывающее под воздействием нагрева, создаваемого протекаемым током. — а relay (hat responds to the heating effect of an energizing current.
-, управляющее — control relay
-, чувствительное — sensitive relay
-, шаговое — stepping relay
-, электромагнитное — electromagnetic relay
электромагнитный контактор, имеющий обмотку (обмотки) и подвижный якорь, — an electromagnetically operated switch composed of one or more coils and armatures.
-, эпектромашинное — rotary relay
-, электронное — electronic relay
электронная цепь, выполняющая функцию реле, без наличия подвижных деталей. — an electronic circuit that provides the functional equivalent of a relay, but has no moving parts.
отпускание p. (на размыкание контактов) — tripping off
срабатывание р. — operation of relay
включать р. — energize relay
выключать (обесточивать) р. — de-energize relay
переключать(ся) р. — reset relay (manually or electrically)
- притягивать якорь р. — attract relay armature
удерживать р. в заданном положении — hold relay in the given positionРусско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > реле (p) (к)
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3 в конечном счёте
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
* * *В конечном счёте -- ultimately, eventually, finally; after all; in the end; in the last analysisThis requirement can ultimately affect the accuracy and convenience of the balancing procedure.Fig. shows that the polymer pins eventually reached an equilibrium water content.Thereafter, natural convection comes into play and finally takes over.The turbine flow field is, after all, three-dimensional, whereas the preliminary design calculations are essentially one-dimensional.However the proposed transition model returns, in the end, to monolayer coverage times.In the last analysis it's that kind of collaboration we live on -- not air.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном счёте
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4 виды коррекции коэффициента мощности
виды коррекции коэффициента мощности
-There are 2 types of power factor correction: fixed or automatic.
Fixed power factor correction consists of inserting, in parallel on the network, a capacitor bank whose total power is provided by the assembly of capacitors of identical or different ratings. The bank is energized by a contactor that simultaneously supplies all the capacitors (a single step).
The inrush current peak, in the case of fixed correction, can reach 30 times the nominal current of the capacitor bank.
An automatic power factor correction system, on the other hand, consists of several capacitor banks of identical or different ratings (several steps), energized separately according to the value of the power factor to be corrected.
An electronic device automatically determines the power of the steps to be energized and activates the relevant contactors.
The inrush current peak, in the case of automatic correction, depends on the power of the steps already on duty, and can reach 100 times the nominal current of the step to be energized.
[ABB]
PFC Types
There are two types of Power Factor Correction - Passive PFC and Active PFC.
Passive PFC uses passive elements like a ferrite core inductor on the AC input. It is very easy to implement in existing power circuits although the power factor is low at 60-80%. The proper AC input voltage (115V or 230V) must also be chosen manually. In addition, significant EMI can still result with a 115V AC source. Of course, a 230V AC source will not have this problem!.
Active PFC, on the other hand, uses a switching regulator with active elements like an IC, FETs (Field Effect Transistors) and diodes to create an active PFC circuit. This circuit allows the power supply to achieve a power factor of up to 95%, significantly reduce harmonics and automatically adjusts the AC input voltage. This means you do not have to manually select the AC input voltage. It works with all voltages from 110V to 240V.
[ http://www.techarp.com/showarticle.aspx?artno=81&pgno=1]
Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > виды коррекции коэффициента мощности
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5 в конечном итоге
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном итоге
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6 в конечном счёте
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном счёте
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7 в конечном итоге
•The acid decomposes finally (or ultimately) to sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide.
•In the final (or last) analysis (or In the long run) the performance characteristics will be limited by...
•The solution we eventually adopted was to devise...
•Eventually [or Ultimately, or In (or Over) the long run] the ellipse becomes a parabola.
•In the end the efficiency of marine propellers is usually about 70 percent.
•The chemical identity of an atom ultimately depends on...
•Whatever the mechanism may ultimately prove to be, these processes are certainly far from simple.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в конечном итоге
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8 объясняться
•The higher density of Jupiter is due to its larger mass.
•This fact owes to the объясняться 100 ns effective time constant for...
•The usefulness of this gypsum depends upon the fact that it hardens slowly.
•The wheel wear was due to attrition of the grits.
•The value of asbestos ensues from (or arises out of) the incombustible nature of the products fabricated from...
•This is explicable on the basis of imperfect chemical separation.
•This increase results from (or is caused by, or stems from, or is due to, or arises from, or is brought about by, or is explained by, or is associated with) the rise of prices.
•These metals owe their electrical conductivity to the fact that...
•The superior high-temperature performance of the cast alloys is attributable to the high carbon content and...
•This capability flows from the use of parallel computation.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > объясняться
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9 есть основания считать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
* * *Есть основания считать, что-- Although the impact excitation did not point out a mode near this frequency, the other evidence suggests that it is due to a rigid body mode.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания считать, что
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10 есть основания полагать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания полагать, что
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11 есть основания считать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания считать, что
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12 есть основания думать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания думать, что
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13 есть основания полагать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания полагать, что
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14 есть основания думать, что
USAGE: [lang id=2считать><<думать),•There is reason to think (or believe) that the stars...
•It is reasonable to suppose that the value of the integral depends only on...
•There are ( good) grounds to believe (or for believing) that the Sarcosporidia may be fungi rather than protozoa.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > есть основания думать, что
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15 зависеть
depend, depend on, be dependent on, be dictated by, be a function of, be determined of, be governed by• Более того, абсолютная ошибка могла бы зависеть от... - Furthermore, the amount of error might depend on...• В частности, она (= переменная и т. п. ) не зависит от характера (= природы, происхождения)... - In particular, it does not depend on the nature of...• Данные рассуждения зависят от справедливости... - These arguments depend on the validity of...• Еще раз, это зависит от. - Again, it depends on.• Может это быть сделано или нет, зависит от... - Whether or not this can be done in a given case depends on...• Однако несомненно, что этот выбор зависит от обстоятельств. - But of course the choice depends on circumstances.• Однако окончательные результаты теории не могут зависеть от... - But the final results of the theory must not depend on...• Очевидно, для этого существуют практические ограничения, которые зависят от... - There is obviously a practical limit to this, which depends on...• Очевидно, что его величина зависит от... - Clearly its value depends on...• Первый член не зависит от... - The first term is independent of...• Подобные процессы, в основном, будут зависеть от... - Such processes will depend largely upon...• Разработанный Смитом [1] метод зависит от того, что... - The method devised by Smith [1] depends on the fact that...• Расстояние, на которое они могут переместиться, зависит от... - The extent to which they move depends on...• Справедливость этой формулы зависит от... - The validity of this formula depends on...• Характер этих корней зависит от знака D. - The nature of these roots depends on whether D > 0.• Электрическое поле зависит только лишь от в и ф. - The electric field depends solely on в and ф.• Этот анализ зависит от того (факта), что... - This analysis depends on the fact that...• Этот результат не зависит ни от каких предположений относительно... - This result is independent of any assumption about...• Этот фактор не зависит от... - This factor is independent of... -
16 длительный допустимый ток
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
-
17 длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
-
18 длительный допустимый ток
- courant permanent admissible, m
- courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-французский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
-
19 величина
(см. также значение) quantity, value, variable, magnitude, size, intensity, extent, amount• В такой конфигурации особенно интересной является величина (или переменная и т. п.)... - The quantity of interest in this configuration is...• Другое соотношение между этими величинами может быть получено (с помощью)... - Another relation between these quantities can be obtained by...• Другой часто встречающейся величиной является... - Another quantity often encountered is...• Имеется простое соотношение между этими двумя величинами. - There is a simple relationship between these two quantities.• Мы можем оценить величину N, предполагая, что... - We may estimate N by supposing that...• Мы приводим ниже величины... - We quote below the values of...• Однако при вычислении величины W мы должны принять во внимание тот факт, что... - In computing W, however, we must take into account the fact that...• Очевидно, что его величина зависит от... - Clearly its value depends on...• Перенумеруем эти величины (= неременные) так, что... - Let these quantities be renumbered so that...• Подстановка этой величины в уравнение (1) показывает, что... - Insertion of this value into equation (1) shows that...• Предполагая, что величина х бесконечно мала, мы получаем... - Supposing x indefinitely small, we obtain...• Приведем соответствующие численные величины:... - The corresponding numerical values are as follows:...• Сравнивая эти величины, мы видим, что... - Comparing these values, we see that...• Так как величина х необходимо положительна, мы заключаем, что... - Since x is necessarily positive, it follows that...• Так как величина х обязана всюду быть конечной, ясно, что... - Since x must be everywhere finite, it is clear that...• Так как величина х произвольна, отсюда следует, что... - Since х is arbitrary, it follows that... -
20 падение или повышение напряжения при заданном режиме нагрузки
падение или повышение напряжения при заданном режиме нагрузки
Разность между напряжением холостого хода обмотки и напряжением на ее выводах при заданных нагрузке и коэффициенте мощности при условии, что к другой (или к одной из других) обмотке(ок) подведено напряжение, равное:
- номинальному, если трансформатор включен на основное ответвление (в этом случае напряжение холостого хода рассматриваемой обмотки равно номинальному);
- напряжению другого ответвления, на которое включен трансформатор. Падение или повышение напряжения обычно выражают в процентах напряжения холостого хода рассматриваемой обмотки.
Примечание — В многообмоточном трансформаторе падение или повышение напряжения зависит от нагрузки и коэффициента мощности не только данной обмотки, но и других обмоток
(МЭС 421-07-03).
[ ГОСТ 30830-2002]EN
voltage drop or rise for a specified load condition
voltage regulation for a specified load condition
the arithmetic difference between the no-load voltage of a winding and the voltage developed at the terminals of the same winding at a specified load and power factor, the voltage supplied to (one of) the other winding(s) being equal to:
- its rated value if the transformer is connected on the principal tapping (the no-load voltage of the former winding is then equal to its rated value);
- the tapping voltage if the transformer is connected on another tapping.
This difference is generally expressed as a percentage of the no-load voltage of the former winding
NOTE – For multi-winding transformers, the voltage drop or rise depends not only on the load and power factor of the winding itself, but also on the load and power factor of the other windings
[IEV number 421-07-03]FR
hute ou augmentation de tension pour une condition de charge spécifiée
différence arithmétique entre la tension à vide d'un enroulement et la tension en charge aux bornes du même enroulement pour un courant de charge et un facteur de puissance spécifiés, la tension appliquée à l'autre (ou à l'un des autres) enroulement(s) étant égale:
- à sa valeur assignée, si le transformateur est connecté sur la prise principale (la tension à vide du premier enroulement étant alors égale à sa valeur assignée);
- à la tension de prise si le transformateur est connecté sur une autre prise.
Cette différence s'exprime généralement sous la forme d'un pourcentage de la tension à vide du premier enroulement
NOTE – Pour les transformateurs à plus de deux enroulements, la chute ou l'augmentation de tension dépend non seulement de la charge et du facteur de puissance de l'enroulement lui-même, mais aussi de la charge et du facteur de puissance des autres enroulements.
[IEV number 421-07-03]Тематики
Классификация
>>>EN
- voltage drop or rise for a specified load condition
- voltage regulation for a specified load condition
DE
FR
Русско-немецкий словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > падение или повышение напряжения при заданном режиме нагрузки
- 1
- 2
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